Alabama

Summary: Alabama has a “3 foot” passing law which defines the safe passing distance as “not less than three feet”. However, it can be somewhat confusing and ambiguous based on the speed of the vehicle or when the roadway lacks double yellow lines. There are also provisions requiring that a cyclist ride within two feet of the right shoulder of the road. Riding that close to the shoulder can be a daunting task – even for an experienced cyclist.

Here is a link to the bicycle safety section of the "Drive Safe Alabama" website:

https://drivesafealabama.org/keys-to-safety/bicycle-safety/

For details, search with the following keywords: “Alabama Code 32-5A-82”.

From FindLaw.com:
https://codes.findlaw.com/al/title-32-motor-vehicles-and-traffic/al-code-sect-32-5a-82.html

From Justia.com:

https://law.justia.com/codes/alabama/2022/title-32/chapter-5a/article-4/section-32-5a-82

There are restrictions to the Alabama law that make the law somewhat ambiguous and confusing. The following blog by Danny Feldman (March 15, 2018) provides more context to the Alabama law.

https://www.bikelaw.com/2018/03/three-foot-passing-law-in-alabama/

The League of American Bicyclists - Bicycle Friendly State Report Card::

https://bikeleague.org/sites/default/files/BFS_Report_Card_2022_Alabama.pdf

Summary: Arizona has a “3 foot” passing law which defines the safe passing distance as “not less than three feet”. However, the law can get a bit confusing when it comes to whether or not fines are applicable. Sadly, the maximum civil penalty for someone who kills a cyclist is $1,000. What makes this somewhat absurd is that the fine doesn’t apply if the cyclist is injured/killed if they were not riding in the bike lane and there was a bike lane that was considered “present and passable”. Some of the bike lanes we’ve ridden on in Arizona are more dangerous than riding in the vehicle lane.

For details, search with the following keywords: “Arizona 28-735 overtaking bicycles”.

From FindLaw.com:
https://codes.findlaw.com/az/title-28-transportation/az-rev-st-sect-28-735.html

From Justia.com:

https://law.justia.com/codes/arizona/2022/title-28/section-28-735/

The League of American Bicyclists - Bicycle Friendly State Report Card:

https://bikeleague.org/sites/default/files/BFS_Report_Card_2022_Arizona.pdf